Catcher Vocabulary

Are you having difficulty understanding Holden's language? Click here to link to a glossary. You might even print out this list and use it as a bookmark.

Historical Background to Catcher in the Rye

The Dawning of the 50’s
The 50s decade was known for many things: post-war affluence and increased choice of leisure time activities, conformity, the Korean War, middle-class values, the rise of modern jazz, the rise of ‘fast food’ restaurants and drive-ins (Jack in the Box – founded in 1951; McDonalds – first franchised in 1955 in Des Plaines, IL; and A&W Root Beer Company – formed in 1950, although it had already established over 450 drive-ins throughout the country), a baby boom, the all-electric home as the ideal, white racist terrorism in the South, the advent of television and TV dinners, abstract art, the first credit card (Diners Club, in 1951), the rise of drive-in theaters to a peak number in the late 50s with over 4,000 outdoor screens (where young teenaged couples could find privacy in their hot-rods), and a youth reaction to middle-aged cinema. Older viewers were prone to stay at home and watch television (about 10.5 million US homes had a TV set in 1950).

“America at this moment,” said the former British Prime Minister Winston Churchill in 1945, “stands at the summit of the world.” During the 1950s, it was easy to see what Churchill meant. The United States was the world’s strongest military power. Its economy was booming, and the fruits of this prosperity–new cars, suburban houses and other consumer goods–were available to more people than ever before. However, the 1950s were also an era of great conflict. For example, the nascent civil rights movement and the crusade against communism at home and abroad exposed the underlying divisions in American society.

Cost Of Living 1950: How Much things cost in 1950?

Average Cost of new house: $8,450.00
Average wages per year $3,210.00
Cost of a gallon of Gas 18 cents
Average Cost of a new car $1,510.00
Stromburg Black and White Television $249.95


President Eisenhower
This five-star general and 34th U.S. president launched the Space Race and created the federal interstate highway system.
VIDEO: CLICK HERE

The Cold War
During World War II (This should be familiar from World Civilations)the United States and the Soviet Union fought together as allies against the Axis powers. However, the relationship between the two nations was a tense one. Americans had long been wary of Soviet communism and concerned about Russian leader Joseph Stalin’s tyrannical, blood-thirsty rule of his own country. For their part, the Soviets resented the Americans’ decades-long refusal to treat the USSR as a legitimate part of the international community as well as their delayed entry into World War II, which resulted in the deaths of tens of millions of Russians. After the war ended, these grievances ripened into an overwhelming sense of mutual distrust and enmity. Postwar Soviet expansionism in Eastern Europe fueled many Americans’ fears of a Russian plan to control the world. Meanwhile, the USSR came to resent what they perceived as American officials’ bellicose rhetoric, arms buildup and interventionist approach to international relations. In such a hostile atmosphere, no single party was entirely to blame for the Cold War; in fact, some historians believe it was inevitable.

The Highway System:
On June 29, 1956, President Dwight Eisenhower signed the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956. The bill created a 41,000-mile “National System of Interstate and Defense Highways” that would, according to Eisenhower, eliminate unsafe roads, inefficient routes, traffic jams and all of the other things that got in the way of “speedy, safe transcontinental travel.” At the same time, highway advocates argued, “in case of atomic attack on our key cities, the road net [would] permit quick evacuation of target areas.” For all of these reasons, the 1956 law declared that the construction of an elaborate expressway system was “essential to the national interest.”
VIDEO: CLICK HERE AND WATCH!

The Space Race
After World War II drew to a close in the mid-20th century, a new conflict began. Known as the Cold War, this battle pitted the world’s two great powers–the democratic, capitalist United States and the communist Soviet Union–against each other. Beginning in the late 1950s, space would become another dramatic arena for this competition, as each side sought to prove the superiority of its technology, its military firepower and–by extension–its political-economic system.
VIDEO: CLICK HERE AND WATCH!!

The Baby Boomers
Almost exactly nine months after World War II ended, one historian writes, “the cry of the baby was heard across the land.” More babies were born in 1946 than ever before: 3.4 million, 20 percent more than in 1945. This was the beginning of the so-called “baby boom.” In 1947, another 3.8 million babies were born; 3.9 million were born in 1952; and more than 4 million were born every year from 1954 until 1964, when the boom finally tapered off. By then, there were 76.4 million “baby boomers” in the United States. They made up almost 40 percent of the nation’s population.

Montgomery Bus Boycott and The Little Rock Nine
The Montgomery Bus Boycott, in which African Americans refused to ride city buses in Montgomery, Alabama, to protest segregated seating, took place from December 5, 1955, to December 20, 1956, and is regarded as the first large-scale demonstration against segregation in the U.S. On December 1, 1955, four days before the boycott began, Rosa Parks, an African-American woman, refused to yield her seat to a white man on a Montgomery bus. She was arrested and fined. The boycott of public buses by blacks in Montgomery began on the day of Parks’ court hearing and lasted 381 days. The U.S. Supreme Court ultimately ordered Montgomery to integrate its bus system, and one of the leaders of the boycott, a young pastor named Martin Luther King Jr. (1929-68), emerged as a prominent national leader of the American civil rights movement in the wake of the action.

In a key event of the American Civil Rights Movement, nine black students enrolled at formerly all-white Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, in September 1957, testing a landmark 1954 U.S. Supreme Court ruling that declared segregation in public schools unconstitutional. The court had mandated that all public schools in the country be integrated “with all deliberate speed” in its decision related to the groundbreaking case Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka. On September 4, 1957, the first day of classes at Central High, Governor Orval Faubus of Arkansas called in the state National Guard to bar the black students’ entry into the school. Later in the month, President Dwight D. Eisenhower sent in federal troops to escort the “Little Rock Nine” into the school, and they started their first full day of classes on September 25.

VIDEO #1: CLICK HERE AND WATCH!!
VIDEO #2: CLICK HERE!!!

Google Docs Presentations

Mental Health Project

Helpful Internet Sites for Mental Health Project
Recommended websites for mental health issues:

ADHD (attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002518/
http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder/complete-index.shtml

Anorexia Nervosa/Bulimia
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001401/
http://www.nami.org/Template.cfm?Section=By_Illness&template=/ContentManagement/ContentDisplay.cfm&ContentID=102975

Bipolar disorder
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001924/
http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/bipolar-disorder-in-children-and-teens-easy-to-read/index.shtml
http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/bipolar-disorder/index.shtml

Depression
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001941/
http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/depression/complete-index.shtml

Generalized Anxiety Disorder
http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/generalized-anxiety-disorder-gad/generalized-anxiety-disorder-gad-when-worry-gets-out-of-control.shtml
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/post-traumatic-stress-disorder/DS00246

OCD (obsessive-compulsive disorder)
http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/obsessive-compulsive-disorder-when-unwanted-thoughts-take-over/obsessive-compulsive-disorder-when-unwanted-thoughts-take-over.shtml
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001926/

PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001923/
http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/post-traumatic-stress-disorder-ptsd/index.shtml
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/post-traumatic-stress-disorder/DS00246

Schizophrenia
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001925/
http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/schizophrenia/complete-index.shtml

Suicidal Tendencies
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002521/
http://www.nami.org/Template.cfm?Section=By_Illness&template=/ContentManagement/ContentDisplay.cfm&ContentID=10210

CHSEE/ Final info

Please use the links to the side of the page to get additional information and sample questions.

Views on poetry in the classroom

 

Poetry Is Dead. Does Anybody Really Care?

If you're like me, untangling symbol and allusion seems as irrelevant now as it did in high school

by Bruce Wexler, Newsweek, May 5, 2003

      It is difficult to imagine a world without movies, plays, novels and music, but a world without poems doesn't have to be imagined. I find it disturbing that no one I know has cracked open a book of poetry in decades and that I, who once spent countless hours reading contemporary poets like Lowell and Berryman, can no longer even name a living poet. All this started to bother me when heiress Ruth Lilly made an unprecedented donation of $100 million to Poetry Magazine in November. An article published on the Poetry International Web site said critics and poets agreed that the gift "could change the face of American poetry."

     Don't these critics and poets realize that their art form is dead? Perhaps not. They probably also don't realize that people like me helped kill it.

     In high school, I, like most of my classmates, hated the poetry unit in English class that surfaced annually with the same grim regularity as the gymnastics unit in physical education. Just as I was a good athlete who detested the parallel bars, I was an avid reader who despised rhymed and rhythmic writing. Plowing through tangled symbol and allusion, I wondered why the damn poets couldn't just say what they meant.

     Then I went to college and at some point, I got it. Maybe it was when I was infatuated with some girl and read "I Knew a Woman" by Theodore Roethke: "I knew a woman, lovely in her bones/When small birds sighed, she would sigh back at them." Or maybe it happened when I read Keats's odes or Eliot's "Prufrock" or that haunting line in Frost: "I have been one acquainted with the night." For the next 10 years or so, I was hooked. I read poetry, wrote it and recited verse to impress dates.

     And then my interest waned. On the surface, I suppose it was because I had other interests that demanded my time and attention: I got married, had children, pursued my career, bought a house. With apologies to Frost, I began to find more relevance in articles about interest rates than essays on the sprung rhythm of Hopkins.

     Society, too, was changing in a way that did not favor the reading of poetry. From the Me Generation of the '70s to the get-rich-quick '80s, our culture became intensely prosaic. Ambiguity, complexity and paradox fell out of favor. We embraced easily defined goals and crystal-clear communication (Ronald Reagan was president, presiding over the literalization of America). Fewer politicians seemed to quote contemporary poets in speeches, and the relatively small number of name-brand, living American poets died or faded from view.

     By the '90s, it was all over. If you doubt this statement, consider that poetry is the only art form where the number of people creating it is far greater than the number of people appreciating it. Anyone can write a bad poem. To appreciate a good one, though, takes knowledge and commitment. As a society, we lack this knowledge and commitment. People don't possess the patience to read a poem 20 times before the sound and sense of it takes hold. They aren't willing to let the words wash over them like a wave, demanding instead for the meaning to flow clearly and quickly. They want narrative-driven forms, stand-alone art that doesn't require an understanding of the larger context.

     I, too, want these things. I am part of a world that apotheosizes the trendy, and poetry is just about as untrendy as it gets. I want to read books with buzz--in part because I make my living as a ghostwriter of and collaborator on books--and I can't remember the last book of poetry that created even a dying mosquito's worth of hum. I am also lazy, and poetry takes work.

     In my worst moments, I blame the usual suspects for my own failings: the mainstream media, the Internet, the fast-food mentality. If it weren't for the pernicious influence of blah, blah, blah... Ultimately, though, there's no one to blame. Poetry is designed for an era when people valued the written word and had the time and inclination to possess it in its highest form.

     I really do believe that poetry is the highest form of writing. Read Yeats's "The Wild Swans at Coole," Whitman's "When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd," Thomas's "Fern Hill," and you'll experience the true power of art. They touch the heart and the head in ways that movie-makers (our current artistic high priests) can only dream of.

     April was National Poetry Month, a fact I know only because it was noted in my younger daughter's school newsletter. I celebrated by finding out the name of our poet laureate (Billy Collins) and reading one of his poems. This may not seem like much, but I have television shows to watch, best sellers to read and Web sites to visit before I sleep.

Bruce Wexler is a writer living in the Chicago area.

© 2003, Newsweek, Inc.

Once Again, Poetry is Dead?  It must be trus becasueNewsweek said it

Bruce Wexler has declared poetry dead, leaving only the question, “Who the hell is Bruce Wexler, and why the hell should we care?” Writing in the pages of Newsweek, he says “I find it disturbing that no one I know has cracked open a book of poetry in decades and that I, who once spent countless hours reading contemporary poets like Lowell and Berryman, can no longer even name a living poet.”
I’m not sure which is more disturbing: the fact that a virtually anonymous middle-aged white guy has lost touch with American poetry is evidently grounds for coverage by a national news magazine, or that Wexler never seems to consider that his disinterest in poetry may well be a failing in himself, rather than in the art form.
“My interest waned,” writes Wexler. “On the surface, I suppose it was because I had other interests that demanded my time and attention: I got married, had children, pursued my career, bought a house. With apologies to Frost, I began to find more relevance in articles about interest rates than essays on the sprung rhythm of Hopkins.”
This is the same logical fallacy as saying, as a friend put it to me, “I don’t like ice cream, therefore no one does.” Moreover, as in the vast majority of articles critical of the state of contemporary poetry, the author doesn’t even make a cursory effort to investigate whether he’s been missing something. Only at the end of the essay does Wexler reveal that he celebrated National Poetry Month by discovering that the current Poet Laureate is Billy Collins. Hey, Bruce! There are single-celled organisms 10,000 leagues beneath the sea that could have told you that one! Perhaps we could name a handful of others whose names are generally recognizable even to those of you cloistered in an Arctic research station or wherever you’ve been? Lawrence Ferlinghetti, perhaps? Maya Angelou? We ain’t talking obscure here.
Still, perhaps it’s not fair to be flip.... except that I get tired of writers like Wexler declaring poetry dead by demonstrating their own ignorance. “I am part of a world that apotheosizes the trendy,” writes Wexler, “and poetry is just about as untrendy as it gets. I want to read books with buzz -- in part because I make my living as a ghostwriter of and collaborator on books -- and I can’t remember the last book of poetry that created even a dying mosquito’s worth of hum. I am also lazy, and poetry takes work.”
So does journalism. If Wexler had made one iota of effort, he’d have noticed a few things: like thousands upon thousands of people attending recent poetry festivals in locales as diverse as Orange County, California, and Austin, Texas... Or the 10,000 people who attend the National Poetry Slam Finals annually...
Or the fact that poetry sales have been rising for years now, even through the bad economy, and Sam Hamill’s Poets Against the War (Thunder’s Mouth Press, April 2003) and Todd Swift’s 100 Poets Against the War (Salt Publishing, February 2003) are not only garnering that superficial pop buzz Wexler so craves, but have also attracted hundreds of thousands of readers. Most ironic of all, the man lives in Chicago (!), birthplace of the poetry slam and home to the Green Mill, where poetry of all forms can be found being read to large crowds on any night of the week. If Wexler is that oblivious to his own surroundings, it’s no surprise that he’s unaware of the regular standing-room-only crowds at the Nuyorican Poet’s Café and the Bowery Poetry Club in New York City, the Poetry Lounge in Los Angeles, the Puro Slam in San Antonio, the Java Hut in Worcester, and on, and on, and on. Poetry has actually transformed over the years, and it’s quite possible that Wexler has missed the boat. So, Bruce, here’s the crash course: Poetry is no longer insular -- it’s a living, growing, vibrant art form. Poetry is no longer the province of the white middle class -- it’s been embraced by youths and minorities. Poetry is not uncool -- why else would teenage black kids in inner cities so proudly proclaim themselves poets?
Poetry is alive, and well. Bruce Wexler, on the other hand is… well… who cares?

Victor Infante

CAHSEE Practice Test

Do you feel the need for more CAHSEE practice? These questions are released from the California Department of Education and will help you prepare for both our class final and the exit exam in February. Answers are at the end. Click on the heading CAHSEE Practice Test to link to the site.